Windows Command Prompt Tricks

Useful Things to do on CMD!

First, open your Network Connection and right click and select Properties. Then Select TCP/IP and click on Properties again. Now Click on Advanced and WINS tab. Select Default for NeBIOS.

Now back to the main Local Area Connection window, select File and Print Sharing for Mic*ft Networks and hit enter………

This is just to make sure you have NetBIOS enabled. We will have some fun with NetBIOS on CMD.
First thing you need to know is some very helpfull commands to use on CMD(Command Prompt).
In case you don’t know how to get CMD open in your box, then click on Start, then Run, then type “cmd” (no quotes, off course… you know the drill).

Back to commands:
nslookup
net view
net use
net user
ping
tracert
arp
route
nbtstat
netstat
ipconfig

1) ping : This command will allow you to know if the host you pinging is alive, which means if it is up at the time of executing the “ping” command.ping x.x.x.x (x is the IP address)
or
ping http://www.whatever.com (www.whatever.com is the website you want to ping, but you don’t know the IP)
OBS: Keep in mind that if the host you pinging is blocking ICMP packets, then the result will be host down.

2) nslookup : This command has many functionalities.One is for resolving DNS into IP.Lets say you know the website URL but you don’t know its IP(and you want to find out).
nslookup http://www.whatever.com (www.whatever.com is the website you want to find out the IP)Now, another really nice function of nslookup is to find out IP of specific Mail Severs
nslookup (enter)
set type=mx (enter)
yahoo.com
This command will give you the mail server IP of yahoo.com. You can use whatever server you want and if it is listed on DNS, then you get the IP. Simple, isn’t it?
OK, now why would you want to have an IP of a mail server?
To send spoofed mail to your friends or even for SE.In case you looking for “How to spoof email”, then look for my “How to spoof email tutorial” http://www.infowar.com/forums/showthread.php?s=&threadid=2360

3) tracert : This command will give you the hops that a packet will travel to reach its final destination.
OBS: This command is good to know the route a packet takes before it goes to the target box.tracert x.x.x.x (x is the IP address)
or
tracert http://www.whatever.com (www.whatever.com is the website you don’t know the IP)

4) arp : This command will show you the arp table. This is good to know if someone is doing arp poisoning in your LAN.arp -a

5) route : This command will show you the routing table, gateway, interface and metric.Code:route print

6) ipconfig : This command will show tons of very helpful things.
Your IP, gateway, dns in use.
Code:
ipconfig
or
Code
:ipconfig /all
this command will give all that info but for all networks you might have it.
Also, in case you have a dynamic IP and want to change it, then type…Code:ipconfig /release (this will release your IP)ipconfig /renew (this will renew your iP)
OBS: Keep in mind that those commands will change your IP, but the new IP will still be tighed up to you. So don’t do anything stupid.

7) netstat : This command will show you connection to your box.
Code:
netstat
or
Code:
netstat -a (this will show you all the listening ports and connection with DNS names)
netstat -n (this will show you all the open connection with IP addresses)
netstat -an (this will combined both of the above)
net view x.x.x.x or computername (will list the available sharing folders on the target box)

Now some hints:
Code:
net use \ipaddressipc$ “” /user:administrator
(this command will allow you to connect to the target box as administrator)
Now if you want to connect to the target box and browse the entire C drive, then use this command:
Code:net use K: \computernameC$
(this will create a virtual drive on your “my computer” folder)
OBS: Keep in mind that this will only works if the target box doesn’t have an administrator password set.
And least but not last, the “help” command.
Quote:whatevercommand /help
or
Quote:whatevercommand /?
This command will help you to understand what it does and all the switchs available for each command.Very useful if you know the command, but forgot the right switch.

Read more: http://www.hackingaday.com/2008/03/command-prompt-tricks.html#ixzz0aIMAraPi

PHP – MySQL Working with UTF-8

Heres a list of actions you should do in order to get PHP + MySQL working with UTF-8:

1. Database:

CREATE DATABASE db_name
 CHARACTER SET utf8
 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
 COLLATE utf8_general_ci
 DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci
 ;

or if the database was already created:

ALTER DATABASE db_name
 CHARACTER SET utf8
 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
 COLLATE utf8_general_ci
 DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci
 ;

CREATE TABLE table_name(
 ...
 )
 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8   
 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

Or if the tables are already created:

ALTER TABLE tbl_name
 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
 COLLATE utf8_general_ci
 ;

2. Enable this line in php.ini:

extension=php_mbstring.dll

and configure the following in the same file:

mbstring.language = Neutral
mbstring.internal_encoding = UTF-8
mbstring.encoding_translation = On
mbstring.http_input = auto
mbstring.http_output = UTF-8
mbstring.detect_order = auto
mbstring.substitute_character = none
default_charset = UTF-8

3. Use the following php functions instead:

mail()                -> mb_send_mail()
strlen()              -> mb_strlen()   
strpos()              -> mb_strpos()
strrpos()             -> mb_strrpos()
substr()              -> mb_substr()
strtolower()          -> mb_strtolower()
strtoupper()          -> mb_strtoupper()
substr_count()        -> mb_substr_count()
ereg()                -> mb_ereg()
eregi()               -> mb_eregi()
ereg_replace()        -> mb_ereg_replace()
eregi_replace()       -> mb_eregi_replace()   
split()               -> mb_split()
htmlentities($var)    -> htmlentities($var, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8')

4. Use headers and meta tags like:

header('Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8') ;

<meta http-equiv="Content-type" value="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />

5. Before any insert / update in the database you should perform the following:

mysql_query("SET NAMES 'utf8'");

Locating Countries from IP addresses

1. Converting an IP address to an IP Number

IP address (IPv4 / IPv6) is divided into 4 sub-blocks. Each sub-block has a different weight number each powered by 256. IP number is being used in the database because it is efficient to search between a range of number in database.

Beginning IP number and Ending IP Number are calculated based on following formula:

IP Number = 16777216*w + 65536*x + 256*y + z     (Formula 1)

where
IP Address = w.x.y.z

For example, if IP address is “202.186.13.4″, then its IP Number “3401190660″ is based on the Formula 1.

IP Address = 202.186.13.4

So, w = 202, x = 186, y = 13 and z = 4

IP Number = 16777216*202 + 65536*186 + 256*13 + 4
= 3388997632 + 12189696 + 3328 + 4
= 3401190660

To reverse IP number to IP address,

w = int ( IP Number / 16777216 ) % 256
x = int ( IP Number / 65536    ) % 256
y = int ( IP Number / 256      ) % 256
z = int ( IP Number            ) % 256

where % is the mod operator and int is return the integer part of the division.

2. Retrieving the Country Name and Country Code from the IP Number

Search the IP-COUNTRY TABLE to match a unique record that has the IP number fits between From IP Number and To IP Number.

For example, IP Address “202.186.13.4″ is equivalent to IP Number “3401190660″. It falls in the following range of IP number in the table because it is between the “From IP number” and the “To IP number”.

“3401056256″,”3401400319″,”MY”,”MALAYSIA”

From the IP range, the Country Name is Malaysia and Country Code is MY.

IP-COUNTRY TABLE

From IP Number	To IP Number	Country Code	Country Name
3400892416	3400925183	HK	HONG KONG
3400925184	3400933375	TH	THAILAND
3400941568	3400949759	AU	AUSTRALIA
3400957952	3400966143	AU	AUSTRALIA
3400982528	3400990719	HK	HONG KONG
3400990720	3400998911	ID	INDONESIA
3400998912	3401003007	PH	PHILIPPINES
3401007104	3401011199	IN	INDIA
3401023488	3401056255	TH	THAILAND
3401056256	3401400319	MY	MALAYSIA
3401408512	3401416703	HK	HONG KONG
3401416704	3401420799	KR	KOREA, REPU
3401441280	3401449471	PH	PHILIPPINES
3401449472	3401515263	MY	MALAYSIA
3401531392	3401539583	IN	INDIA
3401547776	3401580543	MY	MALAYSIA
3401580544	3402629119	CN	CHINA
3402629120	3404464127	JP	JAPAN
3405774848	3406434303	AU	AUSTRALIA
3406436352	3409969151	AU	AUSTRALIA
3409969152	3410755583	TW	TAIWAN
3410755584	3410780159	AU	AUSTRALIA
3410788352	3410796543	HK	HONG KONG
3410796544	3410800639	LK	SRI LANKA
3410812928	3410821119	AU	AUSTRALIA
3410821120	3410853887	TW	TAIWAN
3410853888	3410862079	HK	HONG KONG
3410870272	3410874367	IN	INDIA
3410878464	3410886655	ID	INDONESIA
3410886656	3410887679	TW	TAIWAN
3410894848	3410898943	HK	HONG KONG
3410903040	3410911231	HK	HONG KONG
3410919424	3410927615	IN	INDIA
3410944000	3410952191	PH	PHILIPPINES
3410952192	3410960383	TW	TAIWAN
3410968576	3410984959	NZ	NEW ZEALAND
3410984960	3411017727	TW	TAIWAN
3411017728	3411018751	HK	HONG KONG
3411034112	3411051519	HK	HONG KONG
3411058688	3411062783	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411066880	3411083775	HK	HONG KONG
3411087360	3411091455	CN	CHINA
3411091456	3411095551	SG	SINGAPORE
3411099648	3411107839	MM	MYANMAR
3411116032	3411124223	IN	INDIA
3411132416	3411136511	PK	PAKISTAN
3411147776	3411149311	HK	HONG KONG
3411156992	3411161087	PH	PHILIPPINES
3411165184	3411173375	MY	MALAYSIA
3411181568	3411189759	JP	JAPAN
3411197952	3411202047	BD	BANGLADESH
3411213312	3411215359	HK	HONG KONG
3411230720	3411247103	HK	HONG KONG
3411247104	3411255295	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411278848	3411296255	HK	HONG KONG
3411312640	3411313151	HK	HONG KONG
3411329024	3411337215	PH	PHILIPPINES
3411337216	3411341311	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411345408	3411411967	HK	HONG KONG
3411435520	3411443711	IN	INDIA
3411443712	3411460095	HK	HONG KONG
3411475456	3411476479	HK	HONG KONG
3411476480	3411509247	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411509248	3411517439	PH	PHILIPPINES
3411525632	3411529727	SG	SINGAPORE
3411533824	3411543039	CN	CHINA
3411558400	3411566591	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411574784	3411582975	IN	INDIA
3411591168	3411595263	HK	HONG KONG
3411599360	3411607551	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411607552	3411608575	CN	CHINA
3411623936	3411632127	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411640320	3411648511	PK	PAKISTAN
3411656704	3411673087	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411673088	3411674111	CN	CHINA
3411689472	3411701759	IN	INDIA
3411722240	3411726335	PH	PHILIPPINES
3411730432	3411738623	HK	HONG KONG
3411738624	3411739647	CN	CHINA
3411755008	3411763199	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411771392	3411779583	HK	HONG KONG
3411795968	3411804159	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411804160	3411805183	CN	CHINA
3411820544	3411832831	SG	SINGAPORE
3411836928	3411845119	MY	MALAYSIA
3411853312	3411857407	IN	INDIA
3411861504	3411869695	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411869696	3411943423	CN	CHINA
3411951616	3411967999	LK	SRI LANKA
3411968000	3411984383	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411984384	3412000767	IN	INDIA
3412000768	3412002815	CN	CHINA
3412017152	3412025343	SG	SINGAPORE
3412033536	3412066303	TW	TAIWAN
3412066304	3412213759	NZ	NEW ZEALAND
3412213760	3412221951	AU	AUSTRALIA
3412230144	3412246527	HK	HONG KONG
3412254720	3412262911	NR	NAURU
3412262912	3412273151	NZ	NEW ZEALAND
3412279296	3412281343	NZ	NEW ZEALAND

PHP Tips and Tricks

1. When you are looking for information on a specific PHP function, go to http://php.net/ . For example: http://php.net/join. That takes you directly to the right place in the online manual on a server geographically near you.

2. Try this: pear install apc . The pear command is a useful installer that can even be used to install PHP extensions written in C. In this case, it would install the APC opcode cache extension.

3. Use an opcode cache to improve performance. See #2.

4. There is nothing wrong with mixing OOP and procedural code in PHP. Use objects when they make sense, and go procedural for the rest.

5. Extending PHP with your own custom C or C++ extensions is easier than you might think. See README.EXT_SKEL in the PHP source distribution.

6. The echo <<

7. PATH_INFO is good! Use it to clean up ugly URLs.

8. Use a profiler, pear install apd.

9. Database abstraction is mostly a myth. There is nothing wrong with direct database calls’ making use of all the tricks and cheats your chosen database has to offer, to tweak as much performance as possible out of it.

10. Keep your base technology and building blocks simple. Stay with a nonthreaded Web server, and avoid complex frameworks and abstraction layers, to give yourself a chance to trace and debug any problems that may come up. Solving the Web problem is simple; don’t try to make it hard.

How to create HTTP based user authentication using .htacces

How to create HTTP based user authentication using .htacces

1. Create .htacces file under the web folder

# touch /var/www/html/.htaccess

2. Add the below conten in /var/www/html/.htaccess

AuthType Basic
AuthName “phpMyAdmin”
AuthUserFile /var/www/html/.htpasswd
Require valid-user
AuthGroupFile /dev/null

require valid-user

3. Create password file

# touch /var/www/html/.htpasswd

4. Add user

# htpasswd -c /var/www/html/.htpasswd